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Snapshots of a Forgotten Immigrant

The Names of John Gergen includes forty illustrations, several depicting John Gergen at various ages. I am grateful to John’s cousin and goddaughter, the late Anna Cattaneo, for providing six of the photographs that are included in the book.

The snapshot below is not in the book. It was probably taken two or three years before John’s death in 1935, after his disappointments in life had become apparent and possibly after he had been diagnosed with tuberculosis. The expression on John’s face is haunting. His look is penetrating, as if he could see the future, including his early death.

Another photograph of John resonates even more strongly with what I have learned about his troubled identity. It depicts him standing in the backyard of his aunt and uncle’s house in south St. Louis. His foster parents stand beside him, and two of his cousins–both young girls–stand in front. John’s story is inscribed in his appearance: his awkward height, his sad and perplexed expression, and the thinness that would become gauntness when the tuberculosis grew worse. His face is blurry, as if to suggest his own vexed identity, which never really resolved into individuality but was instead parceled out among the families, nations, and institutions that structured his short life.

The photographs are small, about the size of a playing card. That we still have them some ninety years after they were taken is remarkable. Anna Cattaneo passed them on to me in 2005, when she was 78. By then, John Gergen, who had no descendants, was virtually forgotten. The fate of these photographs could easily have been the same as the faded snapshots and studio portraits that turn up at flea markets and antique malls–anonymous people who stare out at us from oblivion, unable to tell us who they are. And far more fragile than the photographs are the memories that give them meaning. When Anna died in 2015, we may have lost the last person who had any recollection of John Gergen.

John was only one person. As I write in the book, he represents “those countless working-class immigrants who are more or less invisible in the historical record. They, too, had thoughts, feelings, abilities, shortcomings, and desires. About John Gergen, we know little enough. About the great majority of these immigrants, we know almost nothing.”

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Villages in Transition

Detail from map showing Nagyszentmiklós, 1912. Spezialkarte der Osterreichisch-Ungarischen Monarchie (Vienna: K.u.K. Militargeographisches Institut, 1912). Courtesy of the New York Public Library.

John Gergen was born and baptized as János Albeck in 1908 in Nemetszentmiklós, a predominently German village that adjoined the considerably larger village of Nagyszentmiklós. Nemetszentmiklós had a population of approximately 1700; Nagyszentmiklós, about 10,000. Nemet in Magyar means German, while Nagy means large.

The late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries “witnessed a number of efforts to modernize Nagyszentmiklós and connect it to the larger world. In 1888, the Aranca River, which meandered along the southern edge of town, near Nemetszentmiklós, was straightened into a channel and deepened to prevent flooding and to facilitate irrigation of the surrounding fields. An impressive town hall was built in 1893 and a state-sponsored secondary school in 1894. In 1905, electricity lit the town, wired in from a generator in Nagykikinda, Torontál County’s largest town. . . . The most profound changes, however, centered on Nagyszentmiklós’s railways and railway stations and on the telegraph lines that followed them.” —The Names of John Gergen, pp. 73-74.

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A Forgotten Migration

“My interest in John also developed into an interest in his family, all of them German-speaking immigrants from northeastern Torontál County (Hungarian: Torontál megye). It was the westernmost of three counties that once constituted the Banat, a little parallelogram of territory in the far southern part of the Kingdom of Hungary. Between 1900 and 1914, Torontál County was the source of tens of thousands of German-speaking immigrants who settled in St. Louis and other U.S. cities. Their migration has been mostly forgotten, omitted from the standard texts about immigration and about St. Louis.” —The Names of John Gergen, p. 6.

Detail of a map of Torontál County, 1885. Magyarország
megyéinek kézi atlasza, 46. Courtesy of Hadtörténeti Intézet és Múzeum, Budapest.
Map of the Banat, circa 1914. Source unknown.

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Update on Book

Very excited that the release date is just over two months away. And very grateful to Mary Conley, Annette Wenda, and Drew Griffith–all at the University of Missouri Press–for the work they have done in bringing The Names of John Gergen into print.